The epidemiology and socioeconomic associates of adverse effects of medical treatment in the Eastern Mediterranean Region from 1990 to 2021.

Azin Kadkhodamanesh, Paria Dehesh, Bita Mesgarpour, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Hamid Sharifi

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Azin KadkhodamaneshHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Paria DeheshSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. paria_dehesh@yahoo.com.

Bita MesgarpourResearch and Technology Department, National Institute for Medical Research and Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.

Seyed Aria NejadghaderiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. ariang20@gmail.com.

Hamid SharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Funding

Kerman University of Medical Sciences 403000669

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Concerns about the adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) are increasing along with the global use of medical treatments. However, comprehensive information regarding the epidemiology of AEMT in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is lacking. This study assessed the burden of AEMT in the EMR from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Data on the prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of AEMT in the EMR was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Counts, age-standardized rates, percent changes in the rates, and 95% uncertainty intervals were reported. In the EMR, the burden of AEMT declined over the past three decades, with notable variation across countries and population groups. In 2021, females experienced a higher burden than males in most EMR countries and at the regional level. The highest DALY and death rates occurred in early childhood and among the elderly. Countries with a high SDI tended to have higher incidence rates, whereas those with a lower SDI experienced higher DALY rates. The epidemiology of AEMT exhibited considerable variation based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status in the EMR, highlighting the need for context-specific patient safety initiatives and medical error prevention programs across the region.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMediterranean RegionAdverse effects of medical treatmentDeathDisability-adjusted life yearsGlobal burden of diseaseIncidenceMedical errorsPatient safety

Identifiers

PMID41006564

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-18289-z

PMCPMC12474870

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.