ArticleScientific reports2025
Biobased self healing waterborne polyurethane with vanillin derived dynamic Imine bonds for enhanced mechanical strength and performance.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advances in xylochemicals of interest to the paints and coatings industry.Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC · 2026Review
- Solvent-Free Dual-Curable Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives Based on Vanillin and Acrylate Monomers.Polymers · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rising global interest in environmentally friendly, high-performance polymeric materials has accelerated the innovation of next-generation polyurethane systems. This research introduces a novel bio-based waterborne polyurethane, synthesized with a vanillin-derived green polyol chain extender featuring dynamic imine linkages. Vanillin diol (VAN-OH) was synthesized using a straightforward one-step condensation of vanillin and ethylenediamine, incorporating dynamic Schiff base functionality into the compound. The waterborne polyurethane (WPU) formulation was synthesized by combining the chain extender VAN-OH, dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in the proper molar ratios. The synthesis parameters were improved through a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology to enhance mechanical characteristics. The WPU incorporating a vanillin-derived diol chain extender (WPU-VAN-OH) films exhibited a tensile strength of 12.8 MPa, three times greater than that of standard WPU at 4.3 MPa, and showed exceptional self-healing capabilities, completely mending surface scratches within 30 min at 80 °C by dynamic imine bond exchange. The material exhibited higher thermal stability, less water absorption (22.8% compared to 32.2% for WPU after 7 days), and superior adhesion to stainless steel (18.17 kgf/cm² versus 8.23 kgf/cm² for WPU). WPU-VAN-OH films presents a sustainable and efficient methodology for formulating polyurethanes characterized by high strength, self-healing properties, and environmental compatibility, appropriate for uses including protective coatings, advanced adhesives, and flexible elastomers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.