Immobilized Ni and Cu on eucalyptus/MGO as a green heterogeneous catalyst for tetrazoles synthesis through RSM optimization.

In this research, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was first synthesized through straightforward methods and subsequently functionalized with Eucalyptus leaf extract. Following this, nickel and copper metal salts were stabilized onto the prepared nanocomposite support. The successful synthesis and properties of the resulting catalysts were confirmed using a suite of physicochemical characterization techniques. These novel nanostructures demonstrated high catalytic activity in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives. To achieve optimal reaction conditions, a Box-Behnken experimental design was utilized in conjunction with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to investigate the influence of key parameters, including reaction time, catalyst amount, and temperature. A significant advantage of these catalysts is their magnetic nature, which allows for simple and efficient recovery from the reaction mixture using an external magnet. The catalysts were successfully reused for five consecutive cycles without a discernible decrease in their reactivity, highlighting their stability and potential for cost-effective applications.