ArticleScientific reports2025
Time-course observation of tear film dynamics during VR headset use.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dry eye disease is characterized by tear film instability, often linked to a reduced blink rate during prolonged visual display use. Although blink suppression during virtual reality (VR) headset use has been reported, its effect on tear film stability remains unclear. Accordingly, we developed a system using an ultra-compact camera for the time-course, noninvasive observation of tear film dynamics. Fourteen healthy participants played a 30-min VR game while tear film kinetics were analyzed. As gameplay progressed, a significant increase in the interference grade of the tear film lipid layer was observed (p < 0.05), along with elevated corneal and upper eyelid surface temperatures (p < 0.05). The increased interference grade suggests thickening of the lipid layer, possibly attributable to a periocular temperature elevation which may result in facilitation of the incorporation of polar lipids into the nonpolar lipid layer. These findings suggest that VR headset use may increase lipid layer thickness, potentially improving tear film stability under these conditions.
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