An enhanced opposition-based African vulture optimizer for solving engineering design problems and global optimization.

By combining opposition-based learning techniques with conventional African Vulture Optimization (AVO), this study offers a notable improvement in the handling of optimization problems. Despite the limitations of AVO, such as issues involving extremely rough search spaces, more iterations or function evaluations are necessary. To overcome this limitation, our proposed paper, an enhanced opposition-based learning (EOBL), speeds up the convergence and, at the same time, assists the algorithm in escaping local optima. A combination of this new technique with AVO, the Enhanced Opposition-based African Vulture Optimizer (EOBAVO), is proposed. The performance of the suggested EOBAVO was evaluated through experiments using the CEC2005 and CEC2022 benchmark functions in addition to seven engineering challenges. Furthermore, statistical analyses, including the t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, were conducted, and they demonstrated that the proposed EOBAVO surpasses several of the leading algorithms currently in use. The results indicate that the proposed approach can be regarded as a competent and efficient solution for complex optimization challenges.