ArticleScientific reports2025
Development of a novel assay for antigen presentation measurement.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhanced Transdermal Immunization via Solid-in-Oil Nanodispersions Incorporating Dendritic Cell-Targeting Peptide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From legacy to innovation: A comprehensive review of vaccine platforms against viral infections.Virus research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Accurate measurement of antigen presentation is essential for understanding immune responses to infections and tumors. However, current methods are cumbersome, time-consuming, and rely on known peptide sequences and antibodies, leading to unstable antigen presentation, antigen loss during processing and editing, and inconsistent results. We developed a novel, cost-effective method for examining antigen presentation using Click chemistry, which utilizes a bioorthogonal reaction between azides and alkynes/cyclooctenes. Antigens were pre-labeled with azides or alkynes to facilitate their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Their presentation was subsequently detected using fluorophore-conjugated dibenzocyclooctyne or azide. The study involved three types of APCs, mouse macrophages (RAW264.7), mouse dendritic cells (DC2.4), and mouse primary bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and three categories of antigens: BSA, bacteria, and tumor antigens. Antigen presentation was measured and validated through multiple analytic techniques, including a fluorescent plate reader, flow cytometry, and ELISA. We showed efficient and stable presentation of antigens on the surface of all RAW264.7, DC2.4 and BMDCs. Antigens labeled using Click chemistry showed enhanced stability within the phagolysosomes of APCs. Notably, antigens labeled throughout the peptide sequence using azidohomoalanine (AHA) exhibited superior presentation on MHC class II compared to antigens labeled only at the N-terminus. Furthermore, this method preserved the natural antigen editing process, enabling the selection of high-affinity antigens for MHC presentation. This novel antigen presentation assay offers key advantages over existing methods, including faster processing, cost-effectiveness, stable antigen presentation, and reliable detection signals. When paired with mass spectrometry, it can identify stably presented tumor peptides, offering potential targets for immunotherapy development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.