Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41005432›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2026

Periventricular gradient of normal-appearing white matter in normal aging and multiple neurological diseases.

Zhizheng Zhuo, Xiaolu Xu, Decai Tian, Runzhi Li, Yutong Bai, Yulu Shi, Siyao Xu, Shan Lv, Guanmei Cao, Geli Hu and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Zhizheng ZhuoDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
Xiaolu XuDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
Decai TianDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Runzhi LiDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Yutong BaiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China.
Yulu ShiDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Siyao XuDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Shan LvDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
Guanmei CaoDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Geli HuClinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China.
Jun XuDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Jianguo ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China.
Fu-Dong ShiDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
Declan ChardNMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
Frederik BarkhofDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK.
Sven HallerDepartment of Imaging and Medical Informatics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Xinghu ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
Yunyun DuanDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
Yaou LiuDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Tiantan Image Research Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China. Electronic address: liuyaou@bjtth.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionA potential inflammation-associated periventricular gradient of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) abnormalities has been identified in multiple sclerosis, but its presence in normal aging and other neurological diseases remains unclear.

objectivesWe aimed to determine whether a periventricular gradient of NAWM abnormalities occurs in normal aging and other neurological diseases.

methodsA total of 290 Alzheimer's disease, 262 Parkinson's disease, 154 cerebral small vessel disease, 212 multiple sclerosis, as well as 344 younger healthy controls (HCs), 344 middle-aged HCs, and 398 older HCs with available MR diffusion images were included in this study. The periventricular gradient (the slope of regression model) in NAWM of normalized neurite density (NDI) and orientation dispersion indices (ODI), derived from diffusion MRI, was calculated using linear mixed models. Its associations with other MRI measures, clinical variables, and brain-wide gene expression were analyzed. Additional sensitivity and replication analyses were conducted.

resultsThe periventricular gradients of both normalized NDI and ODI were observed in older HCs and all neurological disease groups. Such periventricular gradients play mediating roles between choroid plexus volume (a marker of neuroinflammation) and NAWM NDI or ODI, white matter hyperintensity volume, white and gray matter volumes, especially in neurological diseases. They exhibited both direct and indirect associations with cognitive and physical performance in normal aging and multiple neurological diseases. We observed correlations between periventricular gradients and underlying inflammatory, endothelial and synaptic gene expression. Sensitivity and replication analyses confirmed the main findings.

conclusionClinically relevant periventricular gradients in tissue diffusion characteristics occur in normal aging and multiple neurological diseases, and share some underlying pathological mechanisms.

Indexed as

AgingNervous System DiseasesWhite MatterAdultAgedAlzheimer DiseaseBrainCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisParkinson Diseasediffusion MRIGene expressionNeurological diseasesNormal agingNormal-appearing white matterPeriventricular gradient

Identifiers

PMID41005432
PMCPMC13227254

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.