ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine
Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocity at the Foramen Magnum in Small Breed Dogs With an Enlarged Ventricular System.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocity at the Foramen Magnum in Small Breed Dogs With an Enlarged Ventricular System.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn small breed dogs, enlarged ventricles of the brain are a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In humans, enlarged lateral ventricles are usually the consequence of mesencephalic aqueduct stenosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity measurements indicating obstruction are lacking in dogs.
objectivesMeasure CSF velocity in small breed dogs with ventricular enlargement. ANIMALS: Velocity of CSF in 17 small breed dogs with enlarged ventricles and 8 small breed dogs with normal-sized ventricles was measured by phase-contrast MRI at the mesencephalic aqueduct, foramen magnum (FM) and second cervical vertebra (C2).
methodsPeak systolic (PSV) and diastolic (PDV) velocity, peak velocity (PV), difference between peak systolic and diastolic velocity (DPV), average velocity (AV) and maximum average velocity (MAV) were measured.
resultsDogs with enlarged ventricles had lower PDV, PV, AV, and MAV at the dorsal subarachnoid space of the FM compared with dogs without enlargement (p < 0.05). At the ventral subarachnoid space of FM, moderate decreases in PDV, PV, DPV, AV, and MAV were found with increasing severity of ventricular enlargement.
conclusionVentricular enlargement may be associated with or result in altered CSF flow dynamics, particularly decreased velocity at the craniocervical junction. This relationship may, in turn, reflect underlying structural changes, such as skull shape or craniocervical abnormalities. Therefore, enlarged ventricles in small breed dogs should be considered pathological findings.
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