ArticleToxins2025
Unilateral EMG-Guided Botulinum Toxin for Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction: A Prospective Clinical and Neurophysiological Study.
Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-Life and Psychosocial Factors in Adults with Symptoms Consistent with Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: An Update of Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Future Directions.Toxins · 2025Review
- Introduction toToxins · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is a recently recognized condition characterized by the inability to burp, typically accompanied by gurgling noises, bloating, and flatulence. Percutaneous botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle is a minimally invasive treatment with promising effects, although current evidence remains limited. In this prospective, open-label study, we evaluated the clinical effects of increasing doses (10 to 30 U) of EMG-guided unilateral BoNT injection in 67 patients with R-CPD. Symptom severity and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 4 months post-treatment. The electromyographic (EMG) parameters of the cricopharyngeus were recorded to explore their association with symptom burden and treatment response. At a 1-month follow-up, 55.2% of patients were classified as responders (satisfaction score ≥ 6/10), with a higher rate (64.4%) observed at higher doses, particularly in female patients. Both symptom severity and quality of life improved significantly at 1 month and were sustained at 4 months. Higher cricopharyngeus EMG activity was associated with more severe symptoms and lesser treatment responses. Unilateral EMG-guided BoNT injection is a safe and effective treatment for R-CPD. Further studies should explore the potential role of electromyography in clarifying the pathophysiological aspects of R-CPD and guiding treatment.
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Registered trials
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