ArticleToxins2025
Preliminary Assessment of Alkaloid Content in Cocoa (
Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Growth and physiological regulations of discarded cocoa seed meal on mixed-bred rabbits in humid tropics.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Animal Dietary Exposure to Methylxanthines through the Inclusion of Former Food Products (FFPs) in Feed.ACS agricultural science & technology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The European Circular Economy Action Plan outlines a forward-looking strategy that emphasizes waste reduction and the acquisition of high-quality secondary resources. Previous research has shown that cocoa processing by-products contain compounds of interest for various industrial areas, making them an attractive matrix for reuse. However, a gap remains in our understanding of the safety of these by-products intended for feed. In this study, theobromine and caffeine were quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-UV) in cocoa hulls for safety considerations, evaluating theobromine compliance with toxicological and safety levels, and considering their potential application as an ingredient in animal feed. In addition, the identification of phenolic components and associated antioxidant activity was conducted through High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). This preliminary study indicates that theobromine content is a limiting factor for the inclusion of cocoa hulls in animal diets, as it restricts inclusion levels to remain within current regulatory limits. Examples of general estimates of dietary theobromine exposure at inclusion levels based on regulatory limits for dairy cows and veal calves confirmed a low risk for animal health. Furthermore, the detection of antioxidant activity linked to the presence of polyphenols highlights the potential of cocoa hulls as a sustainable food by-product for feed formulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.