Sustainable Materials for Energy.

The sustainable production of energy without environmental footprints is a challenge of paramount importance to satisfy the ever-increasing global demand and to promote economic and social growth through a greener perspective. Such awareness has significantly stimulated worldwide efforts aimed at exploring various energy paths and sources, in compliance with the ever more stringent environmental regulations. Research advancements in these fields are directly dependent on the design, fabrication, and implementation of tailored multi-materials for efficient energy production and harvesting and storage devices. Herein, we aim at providing a survey on the ongoing research activities related to various aspects of functional materials for energy production, conversion, and storage. In particular, we present the opportunities and the main open challenges related to multifunctional materials spanning from carbon-based nanostructures for chemical energy conversion, ferroelectric ceramics for energy harvesting, and phase change materials for thermal energy storage to metallic materials for hydrogen technologies, heat exchangers for wind energy, and amphiphobic coatings for the protection of solar panels. The relevance of designing tailored materials for power generation is also presented. Finally, the importance of applying life cycle assessment to materials is emphasized through the case study of AlTiN thin films.