ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Artificial Intelligence Versus Professional Standards: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of GPT, Gemini, and ENT UK in Delivering Patient Information on ENT Conditions.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
objectivePatient information materials are sensitive and, if poorly written, can cause misunderstanding. This study evaluated and compared the readability, actionability, and quality of patient education materials on laryngology topics generated by ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and ENT UK.
methodsWe obtained patient information from ENT UK and generated equivalent content with ChatGPT-4-turbo and Google Gemini 2.5 Pro for six laryngology conditions. We assessed readability (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, FKGL; Flesch Reading Ease, FRE), quality (DISCERN), and patient engagement (PEMAT-P for understandability and actionability). Statistical comparisons involved using ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
resultsENT UK showed the highest readability (FRE: 64.6 ± 8.4) and lowest grade level (FKGL: 7.4 ± 1.5), significantly better than that of ChatGPT (FRE: 38.8 ± 10.5, FKGL: 11.0 ± 1.5) and Gemini (FRE: 38.3 ± 8.5, FKGL: 11.9 ± 1.2) (all
conclusionGPT and Gemini produce patient information of comparable quality and engagement to ENT UK but require higher reading levels and fall short of recommended literacy standards.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.