Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41002522›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Tissue-like Fracture Toughness and Stress-Relaxation Ability in PVA-Agar-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.

Ismael Lamas, Bhuvana L Chandrashekar, Claudia C Biguetti, Mohammad R Islam

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Phantoms for use in optical coherence elastography.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ismael LamasDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
Bhuvana L ChandrashekarSchool of Podiatric Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
Claudia C BiguettiSchool of Podiatric Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4503-3108
Mohammad R IslamDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1210-6086

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soft tissues exhibit remarkable stretchability, fracture toughness, and stress-relaxation ability. They possess a large water content to support cellular processes. Mimicking such a combination of mechanical and physical properties in hydrogels is important for tissue engineering applications but remains challenging. This work aims to develop a hydrogel that can combine excellent mechanical properties with cellular viability. The research focused on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agar double-network (DN) hydrogels, fabricated by thermal gelation and freeze-thawing methods. Their mechanical properties were characterized through tension, compression, fracture, and stress-relaxation tests, and their cellular viability was measured through cytotoxicity tests. The results show that the PVA/agar DN gels are highly stretchable (>200%) and compressible (>30%) while containing high water content. The incorporation of agar by 6 wt% improved the fracture toughness of hydrogels from 1 to 1.76 kJ/m

Indexed as

double networkfracture toughnesshydrogelPVA-agarstress–relaxationviscoelasticity

Identifiers

PMID41002522
PMCPMC12469386

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.