ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Global, regional, and national burden of acute hepatitis (1990-2021): a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2021.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global, regional, and national burden of chronic hepatitis B, 1990-2021, and projections to 2030: An urgent call for action to achieve hepatitis B elimination goals by 2030.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Liver disease diagnostics and access barriers in African settings: a narrative review.Journal of clinical pathology · 2026Review
- Assessing the global burden of acute viral hepatitis in the elderly: a comprehensive analysis of data from the GBD 2021 database.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Global burden and forecast of infectious diseases attributable to drug use: evidence from GBD 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) remains a global health concern, with significant variations in incidence, mortality, and DALYs across different regions, age groups, genders, and socioeconomic levels. This study explores AVH trends using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database (1990-2021). Methods: We analyzed age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates across 204 countries and 27 super-regions. Trends were quantified using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and decomposition analysis to assess the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological shifts. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and age-period-cohort (APC) models were also applied, while global health inequalities were evaluated via the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI). Results: Incidence and mortality rates were notably higher in individuals under 20 and over 80 years, with males consistently at greater risk than females. Acute Hepatitis A predominates in low-SDI regions, whereas Acute Hepatitis B is more prevalent in high-SDI regions. Projections indicate a continued decline in AVH burden by 2031, driven by population dynamics and epidemiological changes. Conclusion: While global AVH burden is decreasing, significant disparities persist, warranting tailored interventions to enhance resource equity in high-SDI regions and strengthen healthcare infrastructure in low-SDI areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.