Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41001158›Full record

ArticleCurrent directions in psychological science2026

Origins of Face Responses in the Human Cortex: fNIRS and fMRI Evidence From Infants.

Rebecca Saxe, Heather L Kosakowski

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current directions in psychological science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Rebecca SaxeDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Heather L KosakowskiCenter for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Funding

How do Cortical regions selective for visual scenes develop in human infants?R01HD103847 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SAXE, REBECCA R · 2021 to 2025
$1.6M
Using fMRI in awake human infants to study functional development of cortexR21HD090346 · NICHD · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SAXE, REBECCA R · 2017 to 2018
$437k
Precision Mapping of Midbrain and Striatum NetworksK00DA058542 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Heather Lynne Kosakowski · 2023 to 2026
$353k
Function of high-level visual cortex in awake infants.F99NS124175 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI KOSAKOWSKI, HEATHER LYNNE · 2021 to 2021
$45k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD103847NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD090346NIDA NIH HHS K00 DA058542NINDS NIH HHS F99 NS124175
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In adults, cortical regions in the fusiform face area (FFA), superior temporal sulcus (STS), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) respond selectively to faces, but underlie distinct perceptual and social processes. When do each of these regions, and their distinctive functions, develop? We review recent studies of awake human infants' cortical responses to faces using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results converge, and argue against slow sequential posterior-to-anterior development of face-selective responses. Instead, cortical face-selective responses arise very early and simultaneously in infancy, and may reflect distinctively social processes from the start.

Indexed as

cortexfusiform face area (FFA)infantmedial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)superior temporal sulcus (STS)

Identifiers

PMID41001158
PMCPMC12459391

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.