Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41000781›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

A hardwired neural circuit for temporal difference learning.

Malcolm G Campbell, Yongsoo Ra, Zhiqin Chen, Shudi Xu, Mark Burrell, Sara Matias, Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida, Naoshige Uchida

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Malcolm G CampbellDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1971-8923
Yongsoo RaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Zhiqin ChenDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Shudi XuDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Mark BurrellDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Sara MatiasDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Mitsuko Watabe-UchidaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Naoshige UchidaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5755-9409

Funding

Towards a Unified Framework for Dopamine Signaling in the StriatumU19NS113201 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI SABATINI, BERNARDO L · 2019 to 2023
$18.7M
Dissecting the neural circuit mechanisms that generate dopamine neuron activityR01DA059751 · NIDA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI Naoshige Uchida, Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida · 2024 to 2026
$2.0M
Dissecting the algorithmic and neural circuit basis of dopamine-driven learning in the striatumK99DA060290 · NIDA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI CAMPBELL, MALCOLM GUY · 2024 to 2025
$240k
LONG ACTING TROPANE AND 3-ARYLINDAN COCAINE AGONISTSF32DA005975 · NIDA · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI GREGG, TIMOTHY M · 2000 to 2001
$80k
NIDA NIH HHS F32 DA005975NIDA NIH HHS K99 DA060290NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA059751NINDS NIH HHS U19 NS113201
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a major role in learning by acting as a teaching signal to update the brain's predictions about rewards. A leading theory proposes that this process is analogous to a reinforcement learning algorithm called temporal difference (TD) learning, and that dopamine acts as the error term within the TD algorithm (TD error). Although many studies have demonstrated similarities between dopamine activity and TD errors

Identifiers

PMID41000781
PMCPMC12458361

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.