Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41000766›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

Strong but diffuse genetic divergence underlies differentiation in an incipient species of marine stickleback.

Alexandra Sumarli, Colby Behrens, Gina Lucas, Michael J Olufemi, Paul Bentzen, Alison M Bell, Frederic J J Chain, Kieran Samuk

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alexandra SumarliDepartment of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1812-2439
Colby BehrensDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4334-5044
Gina LucasDepartment of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
Michael J OlufemiDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
Paul BentzenDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Alison M BellDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Frederic J J ChainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6169-7399
Kieran SamukDepartment of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0396-465X

Funding

MIRA: The biological basis of paternal care in stickleback fishR35GM139597 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI BELL, ALISON MARIE · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM139597
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding how lineages proceed along the "speciation continuum" and how species boundaries are maintained over time remain central questions in evolutionary biology. Populations early in the speciation process can give us detailed insight into the reproductive barriers that first initiate speciation. In this study, we explore the nature of genomic divergence between two sympatric marine stickleback ecotypes from Atlantic Canada, "whites" and "commons". Males of each ecotype exhibit distinct nuptial colorations, nesting habits, and parental care strategies. Using population genomic analyses of SNPs and copy number variants (CNVs; deletions and duplications) we show that whites and commons consistently form distinct populations. We uncover genomic differentiation in the white ecotype characteristic of an incipient species, showing extremely low genome-wide differentiation (F

Indexed as

Copy Number Variationgene flowincipient speciesReproductive Isolationstickleback

Identifiers

PMID41000766
PMCPMC12458291

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.