Phosphorylation enables progressive microtubule-associated protein proteolysis and functionalisation during neural development.

Neurological diseases are frequently characterised by dysregulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, which is critical for neuronal integrity and functioning. However, the precise mechanisms by which microtubule dynamics are regulated during the development of the nervous system remain poorly understood. Here, we use global phosphoproteomic screening to identify cytoskeletal substrates of Ser-Arg Protein Kinase (SRPK), which is implicated in several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. We show that SRPK directly phosphorylates Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP)1S at multiple sites in a C-terminal region involved in proteolytic maturation and microtubule binding. SRPK-dependent MAP1S phosphorylation modulates the affinity of the MAP1S microtubule binding domain for microtubules and MAP1S proteolytic processing by the Calpain (CAPN)10 protease. Finally, we show that MAP1S proteolytic processing occurs progressively during neurodevelopment via a specific CAPN10 expression switch, corresponding with MAP1S acquisition of microtubule binding activity. Our results demonstrate a role for SRPK in coordinating processing and functionalisation of a key microtubule regulatory protein during neurodevelopment and provide insight into mechanisms by which the microtubule cytoskeleton may be dysregulated in neurological diseases.