Production, performance and emission of biodiesel from a mixture of castor oil and neem oil.

M Arslan, Hamid Ayyub, M Jamshaid, A Arslan, M A Kalam, Farah Ahmad

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

M ArslanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan muhammad.jamshaid@bzu.edu.pk.

Hamid AyyubDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan muhammad.jamshaid@bzu.edu.pk.

M JamshaidDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan muhammad.jamshaid@bzu.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2682-7121

A ArslanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad 46000 Wah Campus Pakistan.

M A KalamSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia.

Farah AhmadDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, IIUM 53100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The elimination of reserves of petroleum and their consequential environmental impact prompts the development of alternative fuels. This study aimed to blend castor and neem oils (at an 80 : 20 ratio) to address the drawbacks present in castor oil biodiesel, such as elevated kinematic viscosity and density. We propose that this new blending with a highly effective heterogeneous calcium oxide catalyst is the novelty of this work. This study employed a response surface approach to optimize biodiesel production. Biodiesel blends (B10, B20, and B30) were examined

Identifiers

PMID41000608

DOI10.1039/d5ra04004c

PMCPMC12459238

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.