ArticleO&G open2025
Parity, Age at Childbirth, and Later-Life Maternal Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative Study.
Article in O&G open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Levels During Pregnancy: Associations with Parity Across Diverse Populations.Epigenomes · 2026Article
- A Review of Traditional and Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations of parity and age at childbirth with maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD).
methodsThe data were from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2022), involving postmenopausal women aged 49-81 years without existing CVD. The exposures were parity, age at first childbirth, and age at last childbirth, all referring to pregnancy lasting at least 6 months. The outcome was
resultsCompared with parity of two, there was no significant association between other parity levels and later-life maternal CVD. Compared with age at first childbirth of 25-29 years, the HRs (95% CIs) for the association between CVD and age at first childbirth was 1.32 (1.22-1.44) for individuals younger than age 20 years, 1.11 (1.05-1.17) for those aged 20-24 years, 1.03 (0.93-1.13) for those aged 30-34 years, and 0.93 (0.79-1.11) for those aged 35 years or older. When age at last childbirth was younger than 25 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, and 40 years or older, the HRs (95% CIs) for CVD were 1.02 (0.94-1.10), 1.05 (0.99-1.10), 1.10 (1.03-1.18), and 1.09 (0.96-1.24), respectively. In multiple mediation analyses, we identified the potential mediation pathway of age at first childbirth younger than 25 years→premature menopause→hypertension→CVD.
conclusionYoung age at first childbirth was associated with increased maternal CVD risk. Preventing premature menopause and hypertension may be important ways to lower the risk for postmenopausal women.
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Registered trials
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