SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
Dual-target immunotherapies in NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled safety profiles of bispecific antibodies targeting PD-1/CTLA-4 or PD-1/VEGF in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving treatment strategies for HER2-altered non-small-cell lung cancer: the rise of TKIs and ADCs.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite advances in targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the prognosis for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent an emerging class of dual-target immunotherapies, yet their comparative efficacy and safety profiles lack comprehensive quantitative synthesis. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD420251005168) adhered to PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase through March 2025 for phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing dual-target immunotherapies with conventional therapies in advanced NSCLC. Primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS); secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis. Results: Six RCTs ( Conclusion: Our findings, based on phase III RCTs, are limited by substantial heterogeneity among included studies. Dual-target immunotherapies demonstrate superior PFS and ORR in NSCLC but are associated with increased toxicity, particularly with EGFR/MET-targeted agents. While offering a promising therapeutic advance, safety optimization and biomarker-driven patient selection are critical for clinical translation. Further trials are needed to validate long-term survival benefits and refine risk-benefit profiles. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251005168.
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Registered trials
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