ArticleJOR spine2025
A Comparison of Five Animal Models for Acute Intervertebral Disc Herniation Research.
Article in JOR spine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translational hydrogel platform for durable sealing and mechanical restoration of annular defects.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Study Design: Microstructural investigation of mechanical load induced acute disc herniation on five animal models. Objective: To compare how spinal discs in different animal models herniate under a standardized complex compressive load. Summary of Background Data: Animal models in disc herniation research offer reduced degeneration-associated variability, lower cost, and greater availability compared to human specimens. However, there is limited consensus regarding which species is best suited for modeling human herniation, making a comprehensive comparison of species-specific herniation mechanisms necessary. Materials and Methods: A standardized shear and compressive load, designed to herniate intervertebral discs, was applied to isolated discs of five cadaveric animal models ( Results: Clinically relevant herniation features were observed in all models-including endplate and annulus fibrosus (AF) tearing, AF delamination, vertebral body (VB) fracture, nucleus pulposus (NP) extrusion into VB, and radial NP movement. Bovine lumbar, porcine cervical, and porcine lumbar segments exhibited high rates of radial NP movement (84%, 100%, and 67%, respectively), with ovine lumbar discs displaying VB fracture (84%) and NP extrusions into the VB (67%). Bovine tail discs showed minimal damage but were characterized by sequential lamellar AF tears (67%). Conclusions: Porcine cervical, bovine lumbar, and porcine lumbar discs are suitable for annulus-failure herniation research, although porcine cervical discs may be the most appropriate due to exhibiting the highest rate of relevant damages. Ovine lumbar discs are relevant for studying endplate junction failure herniations, and bovine tail discs are appropriate for implant-related studies.
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