Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41000114›Full record

ReviewWearable technologies2025

Advancing Gait Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Robotic Exoskeletons for Cerebral Palsy.

Amna Riaz Khawaja, Prashant K Jamwal, Dilnoza Karibzhanova, Akim Kapsalyamov, Sunil Agrawal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Wearable technologies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Amna Riaz KhawajaSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0923-6341
Prashant K JamwalSchool of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Dilnoza KaribzhanovaSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-8585
Akim KapsalyamovDepartment of Engineering and Mathematics, Hochschule Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3700-6214
Sunil AgrawalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience significant impairments in lower limb mobility, which severely limit their daily activities and overall quality of life. Robotic exoskeletons have emerged as a cutting-edge solution to assist in the rehabilitation of individuals with CP by improving their motor functions. This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, critically evaluates lower limb robotic exoskeletons specifically designed for individuals with CP, focusing on their design, rehabilitation interfaces, and clinical effectiveness. The review includes research papers published between 2010 and 2024, analyzing 30 lower limb exoskeletons reported in 57 papers. We analyze each exoskeleton, focusing on its technological features, user experience, and clinical outcomes. Notably, we identify a trend in which researchers are increasingly adapting exoskeleton functions to the specific needs of individual users, facilitating personalized rehabilitation approaches. Additionally, we highlight critical gaps in current research, such as the lack of sufficient long-term evaluations and studies assessing sustained therapeutic impacts. While ease of use remains crucial for these devices, there is a pressing need for user-friendly designs that promote prolonged engagement and adherence to therapy. This comprehensive review of existing gait rehabilitation exoskeleton technologies aimed to inform future design and application, ultimately contributing to the development of devices that better address the needs of individuals with CP and enhance their motor functions and quality of life.

Indexed as

assistive exoskeletonsbiomechanicscerebral palsypediatric rehabilitationsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41000114
PMCPMC12458414

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.