Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41000085›Full record

ArticleO&G open2025

Pain With Early Postpartum Intrauterine Device Placement.

Holly H Berkley, Monica A Lutgendorf, Gennifer Kully, Sorana Raiciulescu, Sharon K Stortz, Erica Hinz, Lisa G Hofler, Sarah Averbach

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in O&G open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03462758 (Early vs. Interval Postpartum IUD Insertion), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03462758 nacompletednot on this map

Early vs. Interval Postpartum IUD Insertion: A Multi-site Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San DiegoRan2018 to 2022Enrolled404ConditionsContraceptionArmsIUD
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Holly H BerkleyDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Monica A LutgendorfDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Gennifer KullyDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Sorana RaiciulescuDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Sharon K StortzDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Erica HinzDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Lisa G HoflerDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Sarah AverbachDepartment of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, and the Department of Preventative Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland; the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and the Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Funding

NICHD NIH HHS L50 HD096472
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare pain between early and interval postpartum intrauterine device (IUD) placement.

methodsThis is a planned secondary outcome analysis of a randomized trial among 404 participants randomized to early (14-28 days) or interval (42-56 days) postpartum IUD placement. Participants reported pain using a 100-mm visual analog scale at three times during IUD placement (bimanual examination, speculum placement, and IUD placement). We estimated that 112 participants would be required to achieve 80% power with an α of 5% to detect a 15-mm difference in pain with IUD placement. We used linear mixed models adjusting for demographic differences to compare mean pain scores between groups and per-protocol sensitivity analyses to account for crossover.

resultsWe enrolled 404 participants between March 2018 and July 2021; 325 received IUDs and were included in the analysis of pain with placement. Mean pain scores reported were not different between the early and interval groups: bimanual (9.2 mm vs 6.95 mm, mean difference 2.25 mm [95% CI, -2.68 to7.17],

conclusionPain reported is not different among people who are postpartum having early and interval IUD placement. Understanding the experience of pain with early and interval placement may help clinicians support patients in making informed choices about the timing of IUD placement. CLINICAL

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03462758.

Identifiers

PMID41000085
PMCPMC12421967

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.