Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41000079›Full record

ArticleO&G open2025

Persistence of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adverse Maternal and Birth Outcomes Among Physicians.

Michelle Ann Caesar, Rebecca Baer, Gretchen Bandoli

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in O&G open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michelle Ann CaesarHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Rebecca BaerHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Gretchen BandoliHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate whether racial disparities persisted among physicians giving birth, to equalize individual sociodemographic factors.

methodsSingleton live births among California physicians between 2012 and 2019 were linked to pregnancy and delivery hospitalization records. Physicians were identified using standardized occupational codes from birth records. Adjusted risk differences (aRDs) by self-reported race and ethnicity were calculated.

resultsOverall, 14,878 physicians in California had live births. Compared with non-Hispanic White physicians, Asian physicians had an increased risk of gestational diabetes (aRD 0.08, 95% CI, 0.05-0.11) and of having neonates with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth weight (aRD 0.05, 95% CI, 0.04-0.07). Non-Hispanic Black physicians had an increased risk of having neonates with SGA birth weight (aRD 0.05, 95% CI, 0.02-0.09) and of preterm birth (aRD 0.07, 95% CI, 0.01-0.13), and physicians who identified as additional races/unknown (two or more races, other, or not stated or unknown race) had an increased risk of preeclampsia (aRD 0.07, 95% CI, 0.01-0.12).

conclusionRacial and ethnic disparities persisted for select perinatal outcomes among California physicians. These results highlight the need to directly assess system-level factors that contribute to these disparities.

Identifiers

PMID41000079
PMCPMC12421982

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