Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40999622›Full record

SynthesisBrain and behavior2025

Between Depression and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prakasini Satapathy, Abhay M Gaidhane, Nasir Vadia, Soumya V Menon, Kattela Chennakesavulu, Rajashree Panigrahi, Ganesh Bushi, Mahendra Singh, Sanjit Sah, Awakash Turkar and 4 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Prakasini SatapathyCenter for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Abhay M GaidhaneJawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India.
Nasir VadiaMarwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
Soumya V MenonDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Kattela ChennakesavuluDepartment of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rajashree PanigrahiDepartment of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Ganesh BushiSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
Mahendra SinghDepartment of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, India.
Sanjit SahDepartment of Paediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pimpri, Maharashtra, India.
Awakash TurkarCentre Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
S Govinda RaoDepartment of Data Science, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bachupally, Telangana, India.
Khang Wen GohCenter of Science and Information Technology, International University, Nilai, Indonesia.
Muhammed ShabilUniversity Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Edward MawejjeSchool of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago Hill, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension and depression are major global health concerns, with increasing evidence suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship between the two conditions. While previous studies have explored this association, the findings remain inconsistent, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and the risk of developing hypertension by synthesizing evidence from observational studies.

methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to December 20, 2024. Observational studies that examined depression as an exposure and hypertension as an outcome were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity and assess the robustness of findings. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger test and funnel plots.

resultsA total of 36 studies were included, comprising cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control designs. The pooled analysis indicated a significant positive association between depression and hypertension (pooled OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.086-1.321), with substantial heterogeneity (I

conclusionThis study provides evidence supporting a positive association between depression and an increased risk of hypertension. The findings underscore the importance of integrating mental health screening in cardiovascular care and adopting multidisciplinary strategies to address both conditions. Further research is needed to clarify causal pathways and explore targeted interventions.

Indexed as

DepressionHypertensionHumansRisk Factorscardiovascular riskdepressionhypertensionmental healthmeta‐analysissystematic review

Identifiers

PMID40999622
PMCPMC12463727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.