Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40999438›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2025

Validation and cut-off scoring of the assessment implementation measure (AIM) tool in undergraduate medical education.

Khadija Mohammad, Madiha Sajjad, Rehan Ahmed Khan

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Khadija MohammadDepartment of Ophthalmology, Akhtar Saeed Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. kayem2010@gmail.com.
Madiha SajjadDepartment of Pathology, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Rehan Ahmed KhanDepartment of Surgery, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe quality of assessment in undergraduate medical colleges remains underexplored, particularly concerning the availability of validated instruments for its measurement. Bridging the gap between established assessment standards and their practical application is crucial for improving educational outcomes. To address this, the 'Assessment Implementation Measure' (AIM) tool was designed to evaluate the perception of assessment quality among undergraduate medical faculty members. While the content validity of the AIM questionnaire has been established, limitations in sample size have precluded the determination of construct validity and a statistically defined cutoff score.

objectiveTo establish the construct validity of the Assessment Implementation Measure (AIM) tool. To determine the cutoff scores of the AIM tool and its domains statistically for classifying assessment implementation quality.

methodsThis study employed a cross-sectional validation design to establish the construct validity and a statistically valid cutoff score for the AIM tool to accurately classify the quality of assessment implementation as either high or low. A sample size of 347 undergraduate medical faculty members was used for this purpose. The construct validity of the AIM tool was established through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability was confirmed via Cronbach's alpha, and cutoff scores were calculated via the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). 

resultsEFA of the AIM tool revealed seven factors accounting for 63.961% of the total variance. One item was removed, resulting in 29 items with factor loadings above 0.40. The tool's reliability was excellent (0.930), and the seven domains ranged from 0.719 to 0.859; however, the 'Ensuring Fair Assessment' domain demonstrated a weak Cronbach's alpha of 0.570. The cutoff score for differentiating high and low assessment quality was calculated as 77 out of 116 using the ROC curve. The scores for the seven domains ranged from 5.5 to 18.5. The tool's area under the curve (AUC) was 0.994, and for the seven factors, it ranged from 0.701 to 0.924.

conclusionThe validated AIM tool and statistically established cutoff score provide a standardized measure for institutions to evaluate and improve their assessment programs. EFA factor analysis grouped 29 of the 30 items into 7 factors, demonstrating good construct validity. The tool demonstrated good reliability via Cronbach's alpha, and a cutoff score of 77 was calculated through ROC curve analysis. This tool can guide faculty development initiatives and support quality assurance processes in medical schools.

Indexed as

Educational MeasurementEducation, Medical, UndergraduateFaculty, MedicalAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsROC CurveSurveys and QuestionnairesArea under the curveAssessmentConstruct validityCutoff scoreExploratory factor analysisReceiver operating characteristicUndergraduate medical education

Identifiers

PMID40999438
PMCPMC12465710

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.