SynthesisBMC public health2025
Strategies for controlling communicable diseases in Afghanistan: a realist review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfghanistan faces a high burden of communicable diseases (CD), with past efforts focused on fragmented vertical programs. System-level interventions remain limited. This study explores effective strategies for CD control in contexts similar to Afghanistan.
methodsA realist review approach was employed, with systematic searches conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, MagIran, SID, Google, and Google Scholar for grey Literature search from October to December 2024. Out of an initial 10,846 documents, 181 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed using Ritchie and Spencer's five-stage framework. To assess quality, the RAMESES (Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) guidelines were applied for each intervention.
resultsA total of 47 interventions aimed at controlling CD were identified, categorized under key health system building blocks: governance and leadership, health financing, health workforce, information systems, facilities, equipment and medicines, and service delivery. More than half of the included documents were published after 2020, with the majority originating from the United States, Iran, and the United Kingdom. 42% of the documents were original research articles. The interventions ranged from regulatory measures to the provision of post-hospital services for CD.
conclusionWithin the broader political, economic, social, and technological environment (Context), system-level CD interventions enhance engagement among health authorities and the workforce (Mechanism), resulting in improved, cost-effective services and reduced disease burden (Outcome). To maximize impact, strengthening governance, community health literacy, digital infrastructure, international collaboration, and public-private partnerships (PPP) is essential for sustainable and equitable disease control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.