ArticleBMC cancer2025
The concurrent silencing of Tim-3 and STAT-3 promotes tumor regression both in vitro and in ovo.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Harnessing chitosan-based biomaterials for advanced cancer immunotherapy: from nanocarriers to tumor microenvironment modulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDue to the intricate nature of the tumor microenvironment and the impairment of the anti-tumor responses of the immune system, finding a novel approach in the field of immunology-based therapy might influence the prognosis and survival of patients suffering from cancer. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3) is a regulatory element of immune surveillance that exerts a pivotal function in the microenvironment of tumors. Although the precise functions of the Tim-3 remain incompletely understood, it has been established that it not only contributes to T cell exhaustion but also participates in the STAT-3/NF-κB (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 / nuclear factor-κB) pathway, which plays a major role in the progression of tumors.
methodsIn this research, we assessed the efficacy of co-blocking the Tim-3 and STAT-3 factors in inhibiting cancer cell growth. Therefore, we suppressed the expression of these factors in murine-derived malignant cell lines (4T1 and CT26), using siRNA (small interfering RNA) molecules encapsulated in chitosan lactate-based nano carriers we previously developed.
resultsTransfecting the siRNAs into cancer cells with nanocarriers significantly downregulated the expression of Tim-3 and STAT-3 in both 4T1 and CT26 cells. Downregulation of Tim-3 and STAT-3 was correlated with diminished viability, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastatic characteristics of cancerous cells, in vitro. Furthermore, co-silencing of Tim-3 and STAT-3 led to tumor regression, in ovo.
conclusionThese results revealed that the concurrent silencing of Tim-3 and STAT-3 can significantly suppresses the tumor growth by reducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis in vitro and in ovo. However, future investigations-particularly in vivo models-are necessary to validate the current strategy as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic approach.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.