Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40999353›Full record

ArticleBMC immunology2025

Assessment of Cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta-1, and IL-10 in Malaria Patients of the River Nile State , Sudan: A critical study of immune response.

Mosab N M Hamad, Ghadeer M Albadrani, Aisha Am Ghazwani, Ammar Abdelmola, Rania S Suliman, Ghanem M Mahjaf, Shereen A Fahmy, Safaa Badi, Habab M Yassin, Gehan A Othman and 2 more

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Article in BMC immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mosab N M HamadParasitology and Medical Entomology Department, Faculty of Health Science, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Berber, Sudan. musab.noor13@gmail.com.
Ghadeer M AlbadraniDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Aisha Am GhazwaniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Ammar AbdelmolaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Rania S SulimanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Ghanem M MahjafDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan.
Shereen A FahmyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
Safaa BadiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Habab M YassinBiology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Gehan A OthmanBiology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Tibyan A AltaherDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan.
Sufian Km NoorInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMalaria, a prevalent disease in Sudan, has a significant impact on socioeconomic conditions. Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the immune response during infectious diseases. This study investigates the interplay between malaria and immune response modulation in the River Nile State, focusing on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10).

methodNinety participants with microscopy-confirmed malaria were enrolled. Parasite density and COVID-19 co-infection were assessed. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA.

resultsTNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 levels were significantly associated with parasite density (P < 0.05), but not IL-10. TGF-β1 was significantly higher in P. vivax infections, while IL-10 was elevated in P. falciparum cases. Uric acid levels were lower in participants co-infected with COVID-19 (P < 0.05).

conclusionThe study's findings show how cytokines affect the immune response, impacting both parasite clearance. TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 are positively linked to parasite density (r = 0.42, 0.38, 0.51; P < 0.01). IL-10 levels were higher in P. falciparum compared to P. vivax (560.0 vs. 415.6 pg/mL, P = 0.019).

Indexed as

COVID-19CytokinesMalariaMalaria, FalciparumMalaria, VivaxTransforming Growth Factor beta1AdolescentAdultCoinfectionFemaleHumansInterferon-gammaInterleukin-10MaleMiddle AgedPlasmodium falciparumCytokinesIL10 protein, humanInterferon-gammaInterleukin-10Transforming Growth Factor beta1Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCytokinesImmune responsesMalariaRiver nile stateUric acid

Identifiers

PMID40999353
PMCPMC12465133

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.