Intrinsic vs. combined foot muscle strengthening for pes planovalgus in children aged 4-7 years: a randomized controlled trial.

Deniz Tuncer, Aysenur Erekdag, Hakan Senaran, Gokcer Uzer

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study

In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Deniz TuncerDivision of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Merkez Mahallesi, Silahtaraga Caddesi, No:189, 34050, Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkey. dtuncer@bezmialem.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-827X

Aysenur ErekdagDivision of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Merkez Mahallesi, Silahtaraga Caddesi, No:189, 34050, Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4536-5519

Hakan SenaranDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvari, Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.

Gokcer UzerDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvari, Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1788-3420

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week intrinsic foot muscle strengthening and a combined intrinsic-extrinsic foot muscle strengthening on foot posture, balance, and functional mobility in children aged 4 to 7 years with pes planovalgus. A total of 36 children with pes planovalgus were randomly assigned to either the intrinsic foot muscle strengthening group (IMSG) or intrinsic-extrinsic foot muscle strengthening group (IEMSG). Of these, 32 children completed the study. Both interventions lasted 8 weeks, consisting of supervised weekly sessions and a home exercise program. Outcome measures included foot posture assessments with navicular drop test (NDT) and foot posture index-6 (FPI-6), static and dynamic balance assessments with single-leg stance test (SLST) and timed up and go (TUG) test, and functional mobility assessments with sit-to-stand (STS) test and 6-min walk test (6MWT). Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in all parameters (p < 0.001). Between-group comparisons revealed significantly greater improvements in favor of the IEMSG across all parameters. The analysis of foot posture measurements revealed statistically significant group-by-time interactions in favor of the IEMSG for NDT and FPI-6 results on both right (NDT: ηp

Indexed as

Exercise TherapyFlatfootFootMuscle StrengthResistance TrainingChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMalePostural BalanceTreatment OutcomeBalanceFoot muscle strengtheningFoot postureFunctional mobility

Identifiers

PMID40999032

DOI10.1007/s00431-025-06480-3

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.