Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40999001›Full record

ArticleCommunications medicine2025

Dissemination dynamics of colistin resistance genes mcr-9 and mcr-10 across diverse Inc plasmid backbones.

Odion O Ikhimiukor, Manuela Montoya-Giraldo, Stephanie S R Souza, Ifeoluwa J Akintayo, Nicole I Zac Soligno, Maitiú Marmion, Elissa M Eckhardt, Nisalda Carreiro, Adrienne A Workman, Isabella W Martin and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and global resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Odion O IkhimiukorDepartment of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA. odion.ikhimiukor@health.ny.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-4584
Manuela Montoya-GiraldoDepartment of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.
Stephanie S R SouzaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4207-8231
Ifeoluwa J AkintayoInstitute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-7649
Nicole I Zac SolignoDepartment of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.
Maitiú MarmionDepartment of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-1217
Elissa M EckhardtDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Nisalda CarreiroDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Adrienne A WorkmanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5088-0690
Isabella W MartinDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Cheryl P AndamDepartment of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA. candam@albany.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4428-0924

Funding

Population and evolutionary dynamics of recombining genes and alleles in bacteriaR35GM142924 · NIGMS · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY · PI Cheryl Marie P Andam · 2021 to 2026
$1.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM142924U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R35GM142924
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe polymyxin antibiotic colistin is used as a final line of treatment for life threatening infections caused by multidrug resistant and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Mobile colistin resistance genes mcr-9 and mcr-10 are increasingly detected in Enterobacteriaceae but their epidemiology is poorly understood.

methodsThe genetic characteristics of mcr-9 and mcr-10, being the only mobile colistin resistance genes detected in a local population of Enterobacter species isolated from bloodstream infections in Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, USA, were elucidated and contextualized against a global dataset of mcr-9/10-bearing plasmids using genomic and phylogenetic tools.

resultsSeven out of 59 Enterobacter isolates carry either an mcr-9 or mcr-10 on a plasmid with distinct single and multiple replicon configurations, including IncFIB(pECLA), IncFIB(K), IncFIA(HI1)-IncFIB(K), IncFIB(pECLA)--IncFII(pECLA) and IncFIB(K)--IncFII(pECLA), whereas two genomes harbor mcr-9 on their chromosome. Global contextualization reveals that allelic variants of mcr-9 and mcr-10 are widely disseminated across diverse Inc-type plasmids, transcending geographic and taxonomic boundaries. Plasmid-borne genes conferring resistance to other antimicrobial agents, such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline and trimethoprim, tend to co-occur with mcr-9.1 and mcr-9.2 alleles.

conclusionsFindings from this study enhance our understanding of the plasmid backgrounds of mcr-9 and mcr-10, their associated antimicrobial resistance gene carriage and co-occurrence. This knowledge may be critical to inform scalable and effective public health interventions aimed at preserving the efficacy of colistin.

Identifiers

PMID40999001
PMCPMC12462442

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.