Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40998884›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Gut dysbiosis and brain microhemorrhages in young vs. aged mice with chronic kidney disease.

Yitong Zhao, Tiffany Tran, Chuo Fang, Annlia Paganini-Hill, Madison Dulkanchainun, Emily Mai, Lucy Eprem, David Cribbs, Mark Fisher, Wei Ling Lau

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yitong ZhaoDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Tiffany TranDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Chuo FangDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Annlia Paganini-HillBeckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Madison DulkanchainunDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Emily MaiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Lucy EpremDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
David CribbsInstitute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Mark FisherDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Wei Ling LauDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. wllau@hs.uci.edu.

Funding

HEMORHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIAR01NS020989 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CRIBBS, DAVID HASTINGS, FISHER, MARK J · 1985 to 2022
$9.1M
Gut-Derived Toxins and Brain Microbleeds in Chronic Kidney DiseaseR01NS113337 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LAU, WEI LING · 2020 to 2024
$1.7M
NINDS NIH HHS FG22616NINDS NIH HHS NS20989NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS020989NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intestinal dysbiosis and gut-derived toxins in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are associated with vascular injury. This study examined the relationship between gut dysbiosis and cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) in young and aged CKD mice (3 vs. 16 months of age) in both sexes. CKD was induced in C57BL/6J mice using a nephrotoxic adenine diet. Serum creatinine, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) were measured. CMH was quantified via brain histology, and gut microbial sequencing was analyzed from fecal pellets. Creatinine and uremic toxins were elevated in both young and aged CKD mice compared with controls, and microbial populations were altered by age, sex and CKD status. Age was the most significant factor in microbial variance, with higher levels of IS and pCS in aged CKD mice. Aged male mice had significantly higher creatinine, TMAO and IS than aged females. Males had higher CMH counts than females, and aged CKD males had the highest CMH burden. Age modified the relationship between uremic toxins and CMH burden, with creatinine, TMAO and IS correlating with increased CMH in aged animals. In conclusion, gut dysbiosis in CKD is modulated by sex and age, and gut-derived uremic toxins including TMAO and IS may contribute to vascular injury and CMH development.

Indexed as

BrainCerebral HemorrhageDysbiosisGastrointestinal MicrobiomeRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAge FactorsAgingAnimalsCreatinineCresolsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleIndicanMaleMethylaminesMice4-cresol sulfateCreatinineCresolsIndicanMethylaminesSulfuric Acid EsterstrimethyloxamineUremic ToxinsAging.Cerebral microhemorrhagesChronic kidney diseaseGut dysbiosis

Identifiers

PMID40998884
PMCPMC12464325

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.