ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2025
Patterns of war related trauma in Gaza during armed conflict: survey study of international healthcare workers.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rehabilitation in Gaza: a call to the rehabilitation community and to the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes in Gaza amid armed hostilities in 2025.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Observational
- Article
- Psychological and psychosocial interventions for trauma-related psychological distress in adults living in ongoing conflict.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Communication barriers in aftercare: a qualitative study of allogeneic stem cell transplant patients.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Trauma Systems in Conflict Zones: A Qualitative Study of Field Operational Requirements in Humanitarian Care.World journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Gaza: not to act is to act.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of civilian patients with acute conflict-related extremity injuries sustained in Syria and Iraq.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically document the patterns of war related injuries in Gaza, Palestine.
designSurvey study of international healthcare workers, August 2024 to February 2025.
settingGaza, Palestine.
participants78 international healthcare workers deployed to Gaza.
main outcome measuresThe main outcome was the type of injuries observed by international healthcare workers during the conflict in Gaza. A Delphi informed survey was distributed through non-governmental organisation rosters and secure WhatsApp and email groups. Respondents completed the survey using contemporaneous logbooks and shift records.
resultsThe survey collected data on 12 anatomical regions, mechanisms of trauma, and general medical conditions. 78 healthcare workers reported 23 726 trauma related injuries and 6960 injuries related to weapons. The most common traumatic injuries were burns (n=4348, 18.3%), lower limb injuries (n=4258, 17.9%), and upper limb injuries (n=3534, 14.9%). Explosive injuries accounted for most of the weapon related trauma (n=4635, 66.6%), predominantly affecting the head (n=1289, 27.8%), whereas firearm injuries disproportionately affected the lower limbs (n=526, 22.6%). Healthcare workers reported 4188 people with chronic disease across 11 domains requiring long term treatment.
conclusionHealthcare workers deployed to Gaza reported an injury phenotype defined by extensive polytrauma (≥2 anatomical regions), complex blast injuries from high yield explosives, firearm related injuries to upper and lower limbs, and severe disruption to primary care and the treatment of chronic diseases. The results provide actionable insights to tailor humanitarian response and highlight the urgent need for structured, resilient clinical surveillance systems. EDITOR'S NOTE: This paper is based on research from an active war zone, where conventional research methods may be impossible to apply.
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