ArticleCancer research and treatment2026
Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Adenosine as a Diagnostic Metabolic Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
Article in Cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to identify more accurate plasma biomarkers by profiling extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are enriched in tumorderived metabolites and proteins. Materials and Methods: Plasma samples were collected under strict fasting and standardized processing protocols from patients diagnosed with PDAC, chronic pancreatitis, and tumor-free controls. EVs were isolated from these plasma samples and subjected to comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic profiling to identify disease-specific biomarkers. Results: A biomarker panel comprising adenosine, adenine, and N-acetylneuraminate (AAN) demonstrated outstanding diagnostic performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.968 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.00). At a fixed specificity of 96.8%, the panel yielded a sensitivity of 95.0% (95% CI, 85.0% to 100.0%), significantly reducing the classification error from 30% with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) to 5% with the AAN panel. Among individual markers, adenosine alone showed high diagnostic power (AUC, 0.952), correlating with increased expression of 5'-nucleotidase ecto (NT5E), indicative of elevated extracellular purine metabolism. Importantly, these features were unique to the EV compartment and outperformed markers derived from total plasma metabolite profiles. Conclusion: The integration of EV metabolomics and proteomics revealed enhanced purine metabolism, particularly elevated extracellular adenosine, as a distinctive hallmark of PDAC. EV-derived adenosine emerges as a highly promising non-invasive biomarker with superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CA19-9.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.