Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40997800›Full record

ArticleCell reports2025

Radiofrequency regulates the BET-mediated pathways in radial glia differentiation in human cortical development.

Bilal Cakir, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Mu Seog Choe, Ferdi Ridvan Kiral, Jonghun Kim, Nicola Micali, Young-Jin Kang, Bhushan Dharmadhikari, Benjamin Patterson, Woo Sub Yang and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Bilal CakirDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Yoshiaki TanakaDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Mu Seog ChoeDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Ferdi Ridvan KiralDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Jonghun KimDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Nicola MicaliDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Young-Jin KangDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Bhushan DharmadhikariDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Technology, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN 56001, USA.
Benjamin PattersonDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Woo Sub YangDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Yoonmi ChoDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Yangfei XiangDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Mei ZhongDepartment of Cell Biology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Sang-Hun LeeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Prabir PatraDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT 06604, USA.
Pasko RakicDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
In-Hyun ParkDepartment of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: inhyun.park@yale.edu.

Funding

Origin of Cortical Species-specific DistinctionsR37DA023999 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI PASKO RAKIC · 2020 to 2026
$5.6M
Yale Macaque Brain ResourceR01MH113257 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Alvaro Duque · 2017 to 2026
$4.3M
Construction of the integrated human forebrain organoids to investigate neurodevelopmental disordersR01MH118344 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI In-Hyun Park · 2019 to 2026
$4.0M
Functional analysis of autism risk genes during neural development using single cell seqR01MH118554 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GIRALDEZ, ANTONIO J · 2019 to 2023
$3.0M
NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA023999NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH113257NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118344NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human brain represents one of the most complex organs in our body, with development regulated by an intricate genetic program. Recently, non-genetic factors, such as prenatal stress, infection, and diet, have been shown to influence brain development. Radiofrequency radiation (RF; 800-2,400 MHz), emitted by natural and artificial sources such as microwaves and cell phones, represents a non-invasive environmental factor. Using human cortical organoids (hCOs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we investigate RF's effects on corticogenesis. We find that RF exposure regulates the differentiation of human and non-human primate radial glia progenitors, maintaining stem cell identity and delaying differentiation. Neurons differentiated under RF treatment show induction of expression of human endogenous retroviruses. Importantly, inhibitors for the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal) protein rescue RF-induced developmental defects in hCOs. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which RF modulates early brain development, offering a non-biological approach to regulate neural stem cell self-renewal.

Indexed as

Cell DifferentiationCerebral CortexEpendymoglial CellsNeurogliaRadio WavesAnimalsHuman Embryonic Stem CellsHumansNeural Stem CellsNeurogenesisNeuronsOrganoidsautism risk genescortical organoidcorticogenesisCP: Developmental biologyCP: NeurosciencehESCsneurogenesisradiofrequency radiation

Identifiers

PMID40997800
PMCPMC12959456

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.