Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40997492›Full record

ArticleNutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)2026

Periconceptional glycemic index and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and a large-for-gestational-age infant.

McKenzie K Jancsura, William A Grobman, Jiqiang Wu, Christina Scifres, Robert M Silver, Celeste Durnwald, Rebecca Post, George Saade, Lynn M Yee, Maisa N Feghali and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

McKenzie K JancsuraCollege of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA. Electronic address: jancsura.3@osu.edu.
William A GrobmanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02905, USA.
Jiqiang WuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
Christina ScifresDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA.
Robert M SilverDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA.
Celeste DurnwaldDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
Rebecca PostDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, USA.
George SaadeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical College, Norfolk, Virginia, 23507, USA.
Lynn M YeeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
Maisa N FeghaliDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
Uma M ReedyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032, USA.
Rebecca McNeilResearch Triangle International, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
Kartik K VenkateshDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.

Funding

UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0M
Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of ClevelandUL1TR000439 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KONSTAN, MICHAEL W. · 2012 to 2016
$50.0M
Stress and Racial Disparities in Preeclampsia - Clues from DNA Methylomic ProfilingU01HL145358 · NHLBI · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI Rebecca Boehm McNeil · 2020 to 2026
$24.6M
Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteUL1TR001108 · NCATS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI DENNE, SCOTT C., SHEKHAR, ANANTHA · 2013 to 2017
$23.3M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063036 · NICHD · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI PARKER, CORETTE BREEDEN · 2010 to 2015
$19.5M
Pregnancy as a Window to Future Cardiovascular Health: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Supplement RequestU10HL119991 · NHLBI · RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE · PI PARKER, CORETTE BREEDEN · 2013 to 2018
$12.6M
Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000153 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$12.1M
Prevention of Preterm Birth in high Risk Nulliparous PatientsU10HD063047 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAPNER, RONALD · 2010 to 2014
$1.9M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063053 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI SILVER, ROBERT M. · 2010 to 2014
$1.7M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great Risk U10HD063020 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI GROBMAN, WILLIAM ADAM · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063046 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI WING, DEBORAH A · 2010 to 2014
$1.6M
Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great RiskU10HD063041 · NICHD · MAGEE-WOMEN'S RES INST AND FOUNDATION · PI SIMHAN, HYAGRIV N · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000153NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001108NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL145358NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119989NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119990NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119991NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119992NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL119993NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120006NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120018NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120019NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL120034NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063020NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063036NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063037NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063041NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063046NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063047NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063048NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063053NICHD NIH HHS U10 HD063072
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe determined whether the glycemic index (GI), a metric of dietary carbohydrate impact on blood glucose, in early pregnancy was associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant among nulliparous individuals.

methodsThis is a secondary analysis of individuals without pregestational diabetes enrolled in the prospective United States-based Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be multisite cohort. The exposure was average periconceptual GI calculated from the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. GI scores were categorized in quartiles from Q1 (best, reference) to Q4 (worst). Outcomes were diagnosis of GDM based on third-trimester screening and LGA birth per sex- and gestational-age standardized birthweight ≥90th percentile. Secondarily, we assessed for effect modification by dietary quality and neighborhood-level food access.

resultsAmong 7742 assessed participants, the median GI was 49.8 (IQR: 47.4, 52.1), and 94.9% had a low or favorable GI score (≤55). The highest quartile of GI was not associated with GDM (aRR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.85-1.62), but Q3 was associated with an increased risk of GDM versus Q1 (Q3 vs. Q1 5.0% vs 3.9%: aRR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-1.99). GI was not associated with an LGA infant. There was no evidence of effect modification by dietary quality or food access (P ≥ 0.05 for both).

conclusionsIn a prospective cohort of nulliparous individuals with predominantly low GI in early pregnancy, the GI was not consistently associated with GDM or LGA birth. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which diet-based glycemia may affect pregnancy outcomes.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalDietFetal MacrosomiaGlycemic IndexAdultBirth WeightBlood GlucoseDietary CarbohydratesFemaleHumansInfant, Large for Gestational AgeInfant, NewbornPregnancyProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesBlood GlucoseDietary CarbohydratesCardiometabolic healthDietGestational diabetesInterventionPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID40997492
PMCPMC13374395

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.