ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2025
Interim Effectiveness Estimates of 2025 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Outpatient and Hospitalized Illness - Eight Southern Hemisphere Countries, March-September 2025.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Northern Hemisphere 2025/26 influenza vaccine effectiveness during months with influenza A(H3N2) subclade K predominance- Suzhou, Eastern China.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Influenza: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Emerging Evidence.Viruses · 2026Review
- Highly Atypical 2025 Influenza A Season in Brazil.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Interim vaccine effectiveness against influenza virus among outpatients, France, October 2025 to January 2026.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Emergence of seasonal influenza A(H3N2) variants with immune escape potential warrants enhanced molecular and epidemiological surveillance for the 2025-2026 season.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
36 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination provides important protection from influenza illness and associated potential complications. Monitoring seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in Southern Hemisphere countries can apprise health authorities in Northern Hemisphere countries about the potential protection provided from vaccination. Using data from influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance networks in eight Southern Hemisphere countries, investigators estimated interim VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalization using a test-negative case-control study design. During March-September 2025, Australia and South Africa identified 2,122 patients with ILI; Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, Paraguay, and Uruguay identified 42,752 patients with SARI. Overall, 21.3% of patients with ILI and 15.9% of patients with SARI were vaccinated against influenza. Adjusted VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalization was 50.4% and 49.7%, respectively, for any influenza virus, and 45.4% and 46.1%, respectively, for influenza A viruses. Adjusted VE against hospitalization with the predominant influenza subtype, A(H1N1)pdm09, was 41.6%. These interim estimates suggest that vaccination reduced medically attended influenza-associated illness by approximately one half in eight Southern Hemisphere countries. Health authorities should prioritize vaccination of all eligible persons ≥6 months to reduce incidence of influenza disease.
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