ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
The Global, regional, and national burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus-related chronic kidney disease, 1990-2021: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2021 and projections to 2050.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- CKAP4 in Extracellular Vesicle-Derived From Podocyte Serves as a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy and Promotes Vascular Calcification.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- "Advancing prognostic tools in IgA nephropathy: implications for risk stratification and targeted therapy".International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundThis study analyzed global, regional, and national trends in the burden of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) from 1990 to 2021, stratified by sociodemographic development level.
methodsData on T1DM-related CKD incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease, Injury, and Risk Factor Study (GBD) 2021 system. Joinpoint regression analysis, health inequalities, frontier analysis, decomposition analysis, age-period-cohort modeling, and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling were applied to assess disease burden trends and their associations with the sociodemographic index (SDI).
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence of T1DM-related CKD increased, mortality changed little, and DALYs declined. The burden was consistently higher in men than in women. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were highest in middle SDI countries. Across SDI levels, absolute inequality increased whereas relative inequality decreased. Frontier analysis indicated widening effective disparities with sociodemographic development. Population aging was a major driver of the rising burden. BAPC projections suggested a future decline in both mortality and DALYs.
conclusionThe global burden of T1DM-related CKD increased between 1990 and 2021, with men disproportionately affected. Absolute inequality across regions rose, while relative inequality decreased. Disparities became more pronounced with higher sociodemographic development. Projections indicate that mortality and DALYs may decline by 2050.
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