Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40996577›Full record

ReviewTropical animal health and production2025

Theileria lestoquardi and malignant theileriosis in small ruminants: an updated review.

Bijan Esmaeilnejad, Farnaz Malekifard, Sayyed Jafar Hasani, Seyed Kian Mohseni Mofidi, Awat Samiei, Alireza Ghorbani

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Tropical animal health and production, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bijan EsmaeilnejadDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. b.esmaeilnejad@urmia.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-5890
Farnaz MalekifardDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Sayyed Jafar HasaniPathogens and Vectors Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Seyed Kian Mohseni MofidiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Awat SamieiFood and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Alireza GhorbaniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Theileria lestoquardi is a virulent apicomplexan protozoan that induces malignant theileriosis in small ruminants (especially sheep and goats) throughout extensive areas of Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Transmitted by ixodid ticks, this disease constitutes a major impediment to livestock health and productivity, commonly precipitating severe morbidity and high mortality within affected flocks.This updated review synthesizes contemporary understanding of Theileria lestoquardicovering the parasite’s fundamental biology, patterns of transmission, clinical presentation, diagnostic methodologies, and available therapeutic interventions. It further underscores recent progress in molecular diagnostic tools, advances from epidemiological investigations, and the development of integrated control measures, notably tick-vector management and vaccine-based prophylactic strategies. Moreover, the review calls attention to evolving obstaclesmost prominently the emergence of antiparasitic drug resistance and climate-induced alterations in the geographic distribution of tick vectors. By integrating the latest research, it seeks to furnish veterinarians, scientists, and policy-makers with the evidence base required to bolster disease surveillance, refine preventive measures, and strengthen control programs against malignant theileriosis in sheep and goat populations.

Indexed as

Goat DiseasesSheep DiseasesTheileriaTheileriasisAfrica, NorthernAnimalsAsiaGoatsSheepMalignant theileriosisSmall ruminantsTheileria lestoquardi

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.