Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40996544›Full record

ArticleArchives of toxicology2026

Fast and reliable in vitro activity-based detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in e-liquids.

Axelle Timmerman, Cathelijne Lyphout, Nick Verougstraete, Vera Coopman, Christophe Stove

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Axelle TimmermanLaboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-5282-4576
Cathelijne LyphoutEmergency Department, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-8758-7972
Nick VerougstraeteDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-8275-0125
Vera CoopmanEurofins Forensics Belgium, 8200, Brugge, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-1004-8051
Christophe StoveLaboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. Christophe.stove@ugent.be.ORCID 0000-0001-7126-348X

Funding

Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent BOF21/DOC/248
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are marketed as 'legal' cannabis alternatives, but are often much more potent and toxic, increasing the risk of (severe) intoxication. Initially sold as herbal preparations, SCRAs are now increasingly found in e-liquids due to the growing popularity of e-cigarettes. Traditional analytical methods, such as (high-resolution) mass spectrometry, can detect these substances but face limitations regarding time and cost, and require sophisticated equipment and frequently updated mass spectral libraries. Additionally, the continuous emergence of new SCRAs, aiming at evading legislation or detection, further challenges these methods. Activity-based screening, evaluating a sample's inherent cannabinoid activity rather than relying on structural identification, offers an effective alternative. Here, an in vitro CB

Indexed as

Cannabinoid Receptor AgonistsCannabinoidsElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsSubstance Abuse Detectionbeta-Arrestin 2HumansReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1beta-Arrestin 2Cannabinoid Receptor AgonistsCannabinoidsReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1BioassayCannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) and CBDe-LiquidsSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonistsUntargeted screening

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.