ArticlePsychopharmacology2026
Effects of legal-market cannabis and alcohol on verbal learning and memory.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04998006 (Exploring the Effects of Cannabinoids on Alcohol Consumption and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exploring the Effects of Cannabinoids on Alcohol Consumption and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleWidespread legalization of cannabis in the US in recent years has coincided with increasing use of alcohol and cannabis at the same time. Cannabis is thought to confer synergistic effects on alcohol intoxication, and the potential for increased cognitive impairment is a concern. Most prior co-administration studies have relied on low-THC cannabis, limiting generalizability to real-world consumption of higher-THC, legal-market cannabis.
objectivesWe tested whether legal-market cannabis confers verbal learning and memory impairment beyond the effects of an acute dose of alcohol in a sample of heavy-drinking adults who regularly use cannabis.
methodsParticipants (N = 60, 40% female) completed two laboratory sessions: an Alcohol Only session and a Cannabis + Alcohol session. At each session, participants completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test before and after alcohol/cannabis use. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated effects of substance use condition and sex on number of words recalled immediately and after a short and long delay.
resultsDuring immediate recall, participants recalled one fewer word per trial in the Cannabis + Alcohol Post-Use condition compared to the other conditions (p <.001). This effect was stronger in females (p =.003). During long delay recall, participants recalled 1.5 fewer words in both Post-Use conditions compared to both Pre-Use conditions. No sex differences emerged for delayed recall trials.
conclusionsLegal-market cannabis was associated with acute verbal learning and memory impairments compared to alcohol alone, with females showing heightened vulnerability during initial encoding. Results highlight the risks of alcohol and cannabis co-use and underscore the importance of studying high-THC cannabis. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: identifier NCT04998006.
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