Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40996282›Full record

ArticleJournal of microbiology & biology education2025

Exploring the relationship between autonomy, self-efficacy, and pedagogical discontentment of STEM graduate teaching assistants.

Alyssa S Freeman, Beari Jangir, Chelsea Rolle, Kadence Riggs, Marco Said, Grant E Gardner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of microbiology & biology education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alyssa S FreemanDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7007-1080
Beari JangirDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.
Chelsea RolleDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.
Kadence RiggsDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.
Marco SaidDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.
Grant E GardnerDepartment of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6068-7295

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many universities in the United States rely heavily on graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), especially for instruction in introductory courses and laboratory sections in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. Yet, little is known about how to support these unique instructors' teaching professional development (TPD). Prior research in K-12 contexts has proposed that when instructors with high self-efficacy experience pedagogical discontentment, this may motivate them to change their instructional practices or engagement in TPD programs. In contrast, instructors with low self-efficacy may engage in avoidance behaviors related to instructional change even when experiencing pedagogical discontentment. This research explored the role autonomy (control over what and how an instructor teaches) has on the interactions of self-efficacy, pedagogical discontentment, instructional change, and engagement in TPD. We hypothesized that GTAs with pedagogical discontentment and high self-efficacy might be motivated to engage in TPD programs and consider alternative instructional methods. We administered a cross-sectional survey to a sample of GTAs in biology, geology, chemistry, and mathematics (

Indexed as

autonomypedagogical discontentmentSTEMteaching assistant

Identifiers

PMID40996282
PMCPMC12687625

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.