ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2025
Dynamic airborne mycobiome in the metropolitan city transit system is driven by seasonality and station type.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Subway transit systems serve as the primary transportation mode in metropolitan areas. The quality of the airway in transit plays a crucial role in human health as commuters and workers are exposed to microbes transmitted from passengers and circulated within built environments. The diversity and dynamics of bacterial microbiome in these environments have been relatively well studied. However, the fungal communities remain poorly investigated. In this study, we conducted a year-long comprehensive investigation of the mycobiomes within the world's second largest subway system and analyzed the seasonal dynamics of fungal composition across intercity hub stations, urban hub stations, and suburban stations. We found a high diversity of the subway mycobiome that varied seasonally and was influenced by various environmental factors, such as particulate matter (PM2.5) levels and average humidity. Fungal diversity was higher in months with elevated PM2.5 pollution. Autumn exhibited increased diversity and peaks in the distribution of human pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, it was determined that station types exert a significant influence on the diversity of pathogenic fungi, with interchange stations (train and airport transfer stations) showing the highest diversity, while suburban stations showed the lowest. The core taxa of the mycobiome comprised several genera including ubiquitous fungi commonly found in soil and outdoor environments (e.g., IMPORTANCE: Respiratory infections and allergic reactions caused by airborne fungi have received considerable public attention; however, fungal communities remain poorly investigated. This research performed the first year-long investigation of airborne mycobiome in the world's largest subway system. We found that the fungal diversity peaks in autumn and at stations with higher PM2.5 levels. Intercity hubs exhibit the highest diversity of pathogenic fungi and the least seasonal fluctuation. Suburban stations revealed a reduced diversity of human pathogens but an elevated presence of plant pathogens. Core fungal taxa in subways include both common soil fungi (e.g.,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.