ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2025
Shifting Goals in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Eurocentric Ideals, Ethnic Background, and Cultural Identity.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nasal Aesthetic Preferences Across Populations: A Systematic Review of Cultural, Ethnic, and Generational Trends.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026Pooled it
- Awareness motivations and barriers related to rhinoplasty among adults in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty: Patient Satisfaction and Progression to Surgery.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Westernization of nasal features has long been presented as an essential framework for enhanced beauty. Whether surgery is meant to align one's appearance to Western ideals, or whether it should be considered a means of improvement within one's own culture and ethnicity, deserves serious consideration. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify reports on aesthetic preferences for ethnic nasal shape as they apply to aesthetic rhinoplasty. Results: Identified reports confirmed that there is no universal ideal nasal morphology across cultures and ethnic groups. However, cognitive investigation of aesthetic preferences of non-White patients is very limited, and most reports provided a low level of evidence. Conclusions: Variations in nasal features are morphological adaptive transformations pressured by evolution and natural selection. Their perception as positive beauty cues is also determined by evolution. Nasal profile preferences of various ethnic patients and the objectives of "ethnic rhinoplasty" are still poorly appreciated. Rather than being intended to correct existing features that deviate from the White "norm," for creating a racially congruent and aesthetically pleasing outcome, aesthetic rhinoplasty is better perceived as an improvement fitting within the specific cultural and ethnic background of each patient and within the context of mate preferences and cognitive averageness.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.