ArticleCureus2025
Orthopantomographic Study of Mandibular Morphology Across Different Growth Patterns: A Retrospective Data Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Decision-Making in Unilateral Progressive Condylar Growth of the Mandible: Biological Insights and the Role of Proportional Condylectomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVariations in mandibular morphology may significantly influence orthodontic treatment planning, particularly in different growth patterns. This study aimed to evaluate mandibular morphology using orthopantomogram (OPG) analyses to quantify the differences in ramus height, mandibular body length, gonial angle, and condylar morphology across different growth patterns, thereby providing insights for personalized orthodontic interventions. MATERIALS AND
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the records of 120 subjects with skeletal Class I malocclusion, aged 18-35 years. The participants were divided into three groups (n=40 each) based on the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA): hypodivergent (<20°), normodivergent (20-30°), and hyperdivergent (>30°). The inclusion criteria were good-quality OPGs and cephalograms, subjects with no history of trauma, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, or previous orthodontic treatment. OPGs were manually traced to measure condylar height, ramus height, corpus height, mandibular body length, gonial angle, and condylar morphology (classified as oval, diamond, bird beak, or crooked finger). The intra- and inter-observer reliabilities were confirmed using intraclass correlation coefficients. The data were statistically analyzed.
resultsSignificant differences in mandibular morphology were observed across different growth patterns (p<0.05). The hyperdivergent subjects showed reduced condylar and ramus heights, increased gonial angles, and higher corpus heights, whereas the hypodivergent subjects exhibited increased posterior dimensions and reduced gonial angles. Normodivergent subjects had the longest mandibular body length. The condylar morphology varied, with predominant and atypical oval shapes (bird beak and crooked finger) more prevalent in hyperdivergent cases. Post hoc analyses confirmed distinct intergroup differences.
conclusionMandibular morphology varied significantly in different growth patterns and influenced the ramus height, gonial angle, and condylar shape. These findings underscore the importance of tailored orthodontic strategies based on growth pattern-specific mandibular characteristics to enhance treatment precision and efficacy.
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