Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40994252›Full record

ArticleGlobal health action2025

Applying a multi-layered, mixed methods approach to evaluate technology and workforce interventions in Kenyan neonatal units.

Michuki Maina, Sassy Molyneux, Fred Were, Dorothy Oluoch, Edna Mutua, David Gathara, Mike English, Abdulazeez Imam, Gloria Ngaiza, Asma Rababeh and 17 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Global health action, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Michuki MainaKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0001-6874-8929
Sassy MolyneuxKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0001-9522-416X
Fred WereKenya Paediatric Research Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0001-7879-1883
Dorothy OluochKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.
Edna MutuaKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-7511-9116
David GatharaKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-0958-0713
Mike EnglishKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-7427-0826
Abdulazeez ImamNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5070-3060
Gloria NgaizaNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0009-0004-6525-9846
Asma RababehNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gulraj GrewalNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9299-4054
Naima NasirNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6817-9447
Caroline WaithiraKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.
Nancy OdingaKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-5064-2429
Vincent KagonyaKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0001-7098-5958
Onesmus OnyangoKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0003-4045-857X
Kenneth KarumbaKEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Research Group, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0009-0004-3626-9367
Caroline JonesNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6372-5135
Peter MwangiDepartment of Health, County Government of Nyeri, Nyeri, Kenya.
Lucy KinyuaDepartment of Health, County Government of Nyeri, Nyeri, Kenya.
Lydia ThuraniraDepartment of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu, Kenya.
Virginia NjorogeDepartment of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu, Kenya.
Ngina MwangiDepartment of Health, County Government of Embu, Embu, Kenya.
Loise MwangiDepartment of Health, County Government of Embu, Embu, Kenya.
Penina MusyokaDepartment of Health, County Government of Machakos, Machakos, Kenya.
Zainab KioniDepartment of Health, County Government of Machakos, Machakos, Kenya.
Sebastian Suarez FullerNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9284-6630

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding how to best implement healthcare innovations in resource-poor settings requires complex interventions and evaluations, often straining existing healthcare systems. We aimed to address this challenge in our Kenyan neonatal intervention research by deeply integrating stakeholder engagement, applying layered methodologies, and leveraging our research team's diverse expertise. This paper reports on the design and implementation of a research programme examining the impact of new staff introductions on care quality, staff, and family experiences within an existing neonatal technology programme in Kenya. Collaborating with stakeholders, our multidisciplinary programme of research included the analysis of routine health data before and after staff introductions, co-creation of novel quantitative data collection tools, and embedded qualitative research. Continuous feedback from participants, stakeholders, and researchers facilitated an adaptive approach, with timelines and methods adjusted to minimise participant burden. This iterative process allowed for robust data collection to inform health system improvements. Our findings provide insights into implementation and evaluation research for healthcare innovations in resource-constrained settings and emphasise ethical, context-sensitive research practices for sustainable health system strengthening.

Indexed as

Intensive Care Units, NeonatalHumansInfant, NewbornKenyaQualitative ResearchQuality of Health CareStakeholder Participationhealth workforceneonatal careparticipatory research designquality of careWard assistants

Identifiers

PMID40994252
PMCPMC12487688

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.