ArticleBMC psychology2025
Co-regulation between young deaf and hard-of-hearing children and their caregivers: study protocol of Calming Together.
Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChildren who are deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) often experience more difficulties with self-regulation than their typical hearing peers. Self-regulation develops partly through internalization of regulation strategies provided by their caregivers during co-regulation. Co-regulation is a dynamic process through which caregivers and children influence and regulate each other's emotions and physiological responses. Given the essential role of co-regulation in the development of self-regulation it is important to investigate co-regulation in DHH children and their caregivers, given the limited research that has examined this subject. The present paper describes a study, Calming Together, which aims to examine co-regulation in 2- and 3-year-old DHH children and their parents, investigating how different facets of child and parent self-regulation such as temperament, executive function (EF), general self-regulation, and sleep are related and how they contribute to co-regulation.
methodsCalming Together will be a longitudinal study with data collected at three points in time. Participants will include 2- and 3-year-old children with permanent bilateral hearing loss, along with their parents. Measures at Time 1 will include (a) child EF assessment, (b) an observation of parent-child interaction, and (c) parental questionnaires. Parents will also receive equipment and instructions so that they can complete an assessment of sleep using actigraphy and a sleep diary. At Time 2 and Time 3, completed three and six months after the home visit, parents will complete questionnaires on self-regulation and co-regulation. DISCUSSION: The Calming Together study will be among the first to investigate co-regulation in young DHH children and their parents in ecologically valid home settings. By assessing both parent and child factors, it will provide insights into how co-regulation unfolds in daily life and how it relates to broader aspects of self-regulation. The study will also include both mothers and fathers to investigate their potentially unique contributions toward co-regulation and the development of self-regulation in DHH children. Findings may inform early intervention strategies to support parent-child interactions and enhance self-regulation in DHH children. The study was retroactively registered in Open Science Framework (OSF) on April 15th 2025 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CHEKA ).
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