ReviewEye and vision (London, England)2025
The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.
Review in Eye and vision (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prospective pilot randomized controlled study of mini-scleral lenses versus rigid gas permeable lenses in irregular cornea with dry eye.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microenvironment-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Ocular Surface Diseases: Mechanisms, Applications, and Translational Challenges.Small science · 2026Review
- Iron overload triggers pathological remodeling of corneal stroma through ferroptosis and senescence-associated secretory phenotype in keratoconus.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-Enhanced Corneal Cross-Linking: Engineering Strategies for Transforming Keratoconus Management.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics analysis combined with clinical validation reveals that HLA-DRB5 and ODAPH are causal risk genes for keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Generation of dual mouse models of retinal degeneration with slow and rapid progression driven by ectopic RIP3 expression.PloS one · 2026Article
- Subconjunctival Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Corneal Wound Healing After Chemical Injury: Impact on Epithelial Coverage, Limbal Ischemia, and Ocular Surface Inflammatory.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeKeratoconus is a progressive corneal ectatic disorder characterized by thinning and irregularity of the cornea, significantly impairing visual acuity. Recent studies have explored how non-ectatic conditions, such as dry eye and tear film instability and alteration of the ocular surface microenvironment, contribute to the development and progression of keratoconus. This comprehensive review aims to investigate the complex relationship between keratoconus and ocular surface diseases by examining the microenvironmental changes that occur on the ocular surface throughout the course of keratoconus, as well as the related clinical implications.
methodsIn this PROSPERO-registered study (ID: CRD42025643808), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched to retrieve all pertinent papers published up to January 2025. The retrieved publications were then reviewed, and the eligible ones were included.
resultsKeratoconus, with a similar inflammatory profile to that of ocular surface disease, has elevated Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, contributing to extracellular matrix degradation and stromal thinning. Tear film instability, altered lipid secretion, and oxidative stress exacerbate disease progression. These findings suggest that keratoconus is not only a biomechanical disorder but also an inflammation-driven one.
conclusionThis study comprehensively reviews the intricate relationship between the ocular surface microenvironment and keratoconus. Managing this microenvironment in keratoconus patients, as well as inflammation, oxidative stress, and tear film dysfunction, can potentially improve patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
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