ArticleBMC public health2025
The unequal face of hunger: how gender and race/colour have exacerbated food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic-a cross-sectional analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Between setbacks and advances: the trajectory of food insecurity in Black households in Brazil (2013-2023)].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Dementia and cognitive decline in Black Brazilians: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated Food Insecurity (FI) in a heterogeneous way across different household profiles. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in Brazil according to the intersections of race/colour and the gender of household heads.
methodsMicrodata from the 1st and 2nd Food Insecurity Surveys in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic (VIGISAN) were used (1st VIGISAN: n = 2,180; 2nd VIGISAN: n = 12,745). FI levels were compared according to four groups for the head of households (White men, Black men, White women and Black women). Odds ratio (OR) values were calculated using multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between reference person profiles and FI levels. Marginal effects were estimated after adjusting the final model.
resultsIn Brazilian households, the proportion of Food Security (FS) decreased, while levels of Food Insecurity (FI) increased. The chances of being in moderate + severe FI increased significantly, especially in households headed by Brown/Black women, from 2.2 (95% CI 1.3;3.7) to 3.2 (95% CI 2.5;4.0).
conclusionsThe results of this study reinforce the need to plan equitable public policies that debate the intersectionality of gender and race/colour as a way of guaranteeing food and nutritional security in Brazil.
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